Publications

Preprints

Xiao, X., Xue, M., & Cheng, Y. (2026). Enhancing routing fairness in hybrid scoring with group-conditional coverage. EdArXiv. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/25nwj_v1

Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2026). How far can a language model carry a systematic review? Preregistered reliability evidence from screening to measurement-quality coding. MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/qhy74_v1

Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2026). Beyond acceptance: A pre-attitudinal "uninformed" stage in teachers' engagement with AI across 53 education systems. EdArXiv. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/y7awu_v1

Xiao, X., & Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2026). A parameterization-invariant DIC. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27844 · Demo (Shiny) · Code

Xiao, X., Ulitzsch, E., Zhang, L., Frank, M. C., & Domingue, B. (2026, May 21). The safety valve: A mixture IRT approach to modeling guessing behavior. PsyArXiv. https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/7gtwd_v1

Kachergis, G., O'Reilly, F., Braginsky, M., Xiao, X., Lightbody, A. A., Shannon, K. A., … Frank, M. C. (2025, December 17). Creation and validation of the LEVANTE core tasks: Internationalized measures of learning and development for children ages 5-12 years. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/r4dhw_v1

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Journal Articles

Xiao, X., Domingue, B. W., Ram, N., & Frank, M. C. (2026). Recovering accuracy from miscalibrated item banks: Scoring error is fixable, selection error is not. Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644261486854 · Preprint (submitted version: Good kitty, bad bank?) · Demo (Hugging Face) · Code

Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2026). Which algorithm hurts most? Differential associations of task allocation, scheduling, and performance monitoring with worker well-being across 27 EU countries. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 99(8), 54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-026-02239-x · Free full text (view-only)

Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2026). What do I know about AI beyond everyday knowledge? Unveiling misconceptions using item response theory analyses and cognitive interviews. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 26(4), 1-28.

Xiao, X., Patz, R. J., & Wilson, M. R. (2026). Revisiting reliability with human and machine learning raters under scoring design and rater configuration in the many-facet Rasch model. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.70034

Xue, M., Xiao, X., Liu, Y., & Wilson, M. (2026). On the consistency of automatic scoring with large language models. Educational and Psychological Measurement. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644261418138

Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2026). Gendered pathways to self-efficacy: Moderating and mediating roles of family, school, and sibling contexts in early adolescence. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 41(1), 2.

Xiao, X., Rabe-Hesketh, S., & Skrondal, A. (2025). Bayesian identification and estimation of growth mixture models. Psychometrika. https://doi.org/10.1017/psy.2025.11

Xue, M., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., & Wilson, M. (2025). Automatic prompt engineering for automatic scoring. Journal of Educational Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70002

Su, B., Xiao, X., Cheng, Y., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2025). Trajectories of depressive symptom among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: Association with suicidal ideation and insomnia symptoms. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.70051

Cheng, Y., Xiao, X., Jackson, D., Shah, S. A., Abdus-Sabur, F., Hira, A., … Barnett, M. (2025). Competent but anxious smart greenhouse makers: Findings from a physical computing project. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 1-19.

Wang, F., Zhu, X., Pi, L., Xiao, X., & Zhang, J. (2024). Patterns of participation and performance at the class level in English online education: A longitudinal cluster analysis. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 15595-15619.

Ma, J., Shen, Z., Wang, N., Xiao, X., & Zhang, J. (2023). Developmental differences in children's adaptation to vehicle distance and speed in street-crossing decision-making. Journal of Safety Research, 88, 261-274.

Zhang, J., Liu, F., Chen, Z., Yu, Z., Xiao, X., Shi, L., & Guo, Z. (2023). A multi-level analysis on the causes of train-pedestrian collisions in Southwest China 2011-2020. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 193, 107332.

Xiao, X., & Cheng, Y. (2021). Movie title keywords: A text mining and exploratory factor analysis of popular movies in the United States and China. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020068

Kim, J. M., Xiao, X., & Kim, I. (2020). Hollywood movie data analysis by social network analysis and text mining. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 11(1), 75-92.

Kim, J. M., Lee, N., & Xiao, X. (2019). Directional dependence between major cities in China based on copula regression on air pollution measurement. PLoS ONE, 14(3), e0213148.

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Book Chapters & Technical Reports

Xiao, X., Xue, M., & Cheng, Y. (2023). Bayesian partial credit model and its applications in science education. In X. Liu & W. J. Boone (Eds.), Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education (Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education, Vol. 57). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28776-3_4

Xiao, X., Ji, F., & Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2022). Introduction to multilevel logistic regression using rstanarm. Stan Case Study. https://education-stan.github.io/tutorial_glmm.html

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Under Review / In Preparation

Xiao, X. (invited; in preparation). Neural networks and autoencoders for model selection in growth mixture models. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology (Special Issue: Using Machine Learning for Statistical Inference).

Xiao, X., Patz, R., Wilson, M., & Cheng, Y. (submitted). STEM confidence, context, and problem-solving.

Li, Z., & Xiao, X. (submitted). Which countries are more meritocratic? Individual- and country-level patterns of meritocratic beliefs.

Xue, M., Xiao, X., Liu, Y., & Wilson, M. (submitted). Extracting information from process data using transformers.

Xiao, X., Li, Z., Liu, Y., & Cheng, Y. (submitted). Identifying sensitive periods for the impact of physical abuse on psychopathology symptoms.

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